“I thought he had my back,” Mary Ellen Strange says, her voice quivering. “I thought he was taking care of me. He obviously didn’t take care of me one bit.”It’s early September, and Strange, a 77-year-old widow and retired nurse, is speaking to a crowd of policy makers and security experts at the annual Global Anti-Scam Summit America conference in San Francisco. She’s recounting a trying time in 2024 when she communicated with a man impersonating a Federal Trade Commission officer, who was part of a larger team of cyber scammers who had ensnared her in their trap. They ultimately got away with $400,000, most of Strange’s life savings.”I was down the rabbit hole,” Strange says. For seven weeks, she was on the phone with the fraudulent FTC officer, who, after accusing her of heinous online crimes, offered alternative solutions to get the government off her back. He cajoled and threatened her into withdrawing large amounts of cash from her bank accounts and converting it into cryptocurrency, gift cards, and gold bars and coins.
Why People Fall for Online Scams
Unfortunately, Strange’s story, which we’ll examine more closely below, is far from uncommon. In 2025 alone, Americans age 60 and older lost more than $7.7 billion to online scams. “Our retirees are sitting on $35 trillion of assets,” says financial fraud attorney Courtney Werning. “The numbers are just tremendous in terms of what’s happening to the seniors right now. I would call it a public health crisis.” According to a survey of 1,000 Americans conducted by CNET Group (which includes PCMag, Mashable, Lifehacker, ZDNET, and CNET), 40% of adults have elderly relatives who require help with digital security tasks, such as installing apps or vetting messages. Of that group, 26% actively assist or manage digital security for older family members. The study calls those people “Family Security Guardians” because they often act as shields between vulnerable relatives and hostile online actors. It’s increasingly difficult to protect your loved ones from cybercriminals, but knowledge is power. I’ve been writing about online privacy, security, and scams since 2021, and during that time, I’ve watched as sloppy phishing emails gave way to AI agents running scams for global criminal enterprises. I’ll tell you how online scams happen, why AI makes them a lot harder to detect, and what you can do as your family security guardian to keep everyone—and yourself—safer online.Are you smarter than a scammer? Take our quiz to find out.It All Started With a Phone Call…We can’t know exactly how the scam worked because we only have Strange’s testimony, but it sounds like a typical imposter scheme. Also known as “impersonation scams,” these crimes occur when a swindler pretends to be a celebrity, government employee, law enforcement officer, or other authority figure online or over the phone.AI can supercharge these types of crimes because today’s AI-powered audio and video tools can produce extremely accurate deepfakes of real people’s voices and faces. In Strange’s case, there are no clear signs that AI was involved; most of the scam unfolded over the phone, and later it escalated to real-world interactions. Here’s how it began: In June 2024, Strange was at her home in New Albany, Indiana, where she had people cleaning her carpets. It was extremely loud, and she was trying to calm her enthusiastic little dog. In the midst of the chaos, she received a phone call. “Normally, I don’t answer phone calls from people that I don’t know,” Strange says. “But without even thinking, in all the confusion, I picked up my phone and said ‘Hello’ without looking.”On the other end of the line was a female voice claiming to be from Amazon’s fraud detection department. The caller confronted Strange with several alarming accusations, ranging from theft of a MacBook to attempts to smuggle thousands of dollars across the US border. Miffed, Strange hung up, assuming it was a scam.
(PCMag)
Unfortunately, the story doesn’t end there. “Several hours later, when it had quieted down, and the carpet cleaners were gone, I was concerned about somebody shopping on my Amazon account and thought I should probably call them back,” Strange says.She didn’t call back the number of the person she’d spoken to, which was, on paper, the right move. Instead, she googled a phone number for Amazon’s fraud detection department, not knowing that Amazon does not, in fact, have a publicly advertised fraud number. (Amazon’s website cautions customers about phone scammers impersonating company employees.) The number Strange found put her back in direct contact with the same people who had called her in the first place, and this time, they ramped up the accusations against her, claiming that she’d purchased child pornography online, too. Eventually, the Amazon imposter put Strange on hold and transferred her to someone identifying themselves as an FTC official.The fake FTC agent gave her two options: She could go public with her case and hire an expensive attorney, which would lock down all of her money for a long time, or she could work with him and the federal government on her case. She chose the latter, sealing her doom.Data Brokers Make Social Engineering EasyStrange says she felt she had no choice but to comply with the demands of the man on the phone, and that at one point she found herself feeling grateful to the scammer because he left her with $250 she could use to buy groceries. She believed all of his lies because he seemed to know a lot about her, including her old home addresses and the names of close friends and family members.How did the scammers know so much about Strange? We can’t say for sure, but you may be surprised at how much personal data is available for everyone to see on the public web. Type your name into your favorite search engine, and you may find data broker websites containing your full name, age, email addresses, phone numbers, and current and past home addresses.Data brokers buy or scoop up customer information after a company’s servers get breached or a company is sold. They then post that information online, where it can be accessed by anyone for a fee, or sometimes even for free.The scammers likely found Strange’s phone number via a data broker website or the dark web and cold-called her to make accusations. When she called them back, they ramped up the threats by bringing in a fake authority figure to confuse and scare her.Following a Scammer Down the Rabbit HoleFor nearly two months, Strange was in communication with the faux FTC agent, and all the while, he assured her that she would get her money back and her name cleared in short order. The imposter repeatedly told her not to tell anyone about what was happening, and even said their conversations were being recorded. On three separate occasions, men claiming to be undercover FBI agents showed up at her house to take away boxes full of her money. “As I watched that car go down the road, I said, ‘Dear God, please tell me I’ve done the right thing, and that’s not my life savings going down the road forever,’” Strange recalls. Eventually, when it became clear her money was indeed gone, Strange told someone what had happened. Her nephew, a retired FBI agent, quickly assessed her situation and delivered the sad truth as he saw it: She would never get her money back. It was, he said, definitely out of the country and impossible to trace.Strange’s story is a sad one, but it’s not unusual. Let’s talk about why Strange’s age may have made her an attractive target for scammers.
(PCMag; Getty Images)
Why Scammers Love SeniorsWhen infamous criminal Willie Sutton was asked by a reporter why he targeted banks, he purportedly replied, “Because that’s where the money is.” Cyber scammers’ motivations are much the same. Older people have worked longer and amassed more wealth than younger generations, making them prime targets.
(PCMag)
Research from the National Council on Aging shows that three-quarters of American adults age 55 and older have already been scammed or know someone who has. According to the FTC’s Sentinel Network, adults aged 80 and over lose the most money to online scams, with a median loss of $1,499. Older Americans are most likely to be targeted by scammers who want their credit card numbers or access to their financial accounts, and they are most likely to receive scam phone calls. People on the older side of the Baby Boomer generation (ages 70 to 79) were usually contacted by scammers via websites or apps and lost a median of $800 per scam. “You have to understand this is the biggest crime in the country,” says Kathy Stokes, AARP’s fraud expert. She explains that the current class of scam perpetrators is connected to global organized crime syndicates, many of them based in China and Southeast Asia. These operators have the human and financial resources to run countless scams simultaneously, and then funnel the money to other criminal enterprises, such as fake gambling apps and global malicious advertising campaigns. The 50+ Set Is Big Into Social Media A recent AARP study found that nine out of 10 US adults over 50 use social media, and texting is the prevalent form of communication for that age group. Social media apps and sites are popular hunting grounds for scammers, too. FTC research shows that in 2025, 30% of people who lost money to scams started talking to the scammer on social media, and those losses totaled $2.1 billion. According to the recent CNET Group survey cited above, more than 80% of respondents say they get scam calls and emails every week, and 76.5% said they receive scammy texts weekly. Emails, phone calls, and text messages are all easy, low-effort ways for scammers to ensnare new victims. AI tools can replicate these traditional forms of communication with ease and operate without humans, allowing anyone with enough computing power to create their own virtual scamming factory.Targeting the ‘My Handshake Means Something’ GenerationScams, particularly impersonation scams, are effective against some seniors because they’re willing to listen to someone who presents themselves as an official. In Strange’s experience, her “authority figure” called himself FTC officer “Felix Edwards” and told her she was in trouble and only he could help her. “My natural instinct was, ‘This is an officer of the law,’” Strange explains. “So he had a given amount of trust right up front.””Government impersonation scams tend to be very effective for the ‘My handshake means something’ generation,” says Werning, the attorney. “That generation just has a tremendous amount of institutional respect and trust.”Werning adds that scammers can use AI to create convincing chat, voice, and video bots that pose as federal agents, who can handle all the threatening and convincing on their behalf—no humans necessary. Preying on the Lonely”The problem with older adults is that a lot of times, there’s isolation. They don’t have anyone,” says Ebony White, director of economic security and social safety net initiatives at the National Council on Aging (NCOA). Unfortunately, romance scammers and financial fraudsters prey on lonely people by drawing them in with lengthy conversations that are often driven by AI chatbots.”Being lonely will make you ignore some of the signs,” White says. “And when you ignore those signs, you go deeper into the scam.”Scammers are also aware that seniors tend to be experiencing significant life changes: retirement, medical problems, the death of a spouse. Big life events can lead to unexpected changes in a daily routine. This means people may forget or become lax about good online hygiene, such as keeping devices up to date, changing weak passwords, or setting up multi-factor authentication for online accounts.Some Older Adults Embrace Technology DifferentlyBefore you jump to any conclusions about older folks, note that Strange is smart, alert, and tech-savvy. There are plenty of plugged-in senior citizens who know how and when to use a VPN and a password manager, and how to keep their social media profiles private.But unlike younger generations, older adults aren’t learning about these tools and best practices at school or on the job. Sure, there are platforms to help people learn, such as AARP’s Senior Planet, which offers free online literacy classes, or the NCOA’s technical proficiency courses, but not everyone knows about these resources. Instead, many seniors learn to use new tech tools via word of mouth or viral social media posts. That means some of the tactics they’re using may be out of date, or simply inadequate in the face of well-funded, highly incentivized scamming rings.It’s OK: Scam Detection Isn’t Easy at Any AgeModern scams are difficult to detect because they don’t look like the ridiculous Nigerian prince emails from the past. According to a recent survey from Trustmi, a security platform for online payment processing, a majority of respondents (78%) were confident they could spot an online scam in progress. Unfortunately, the survey revealed that most people (70%) were looking for obvious evidence of a scam, such as grammar and spelling mistakes, and those are not hallmarks of today’s scams. Do you think you could spot a scam in progress? Take our quiz to find out.
“We recognize the old scams, and that makes us too comfortable,” says Chris Willis, chief marketing officer at Outseer, speaking on stage at the GASA Summit. “Scams are always evolving.”The current trend in the online scamming world is undetectability. AI tools make swindles much more believable because scammers can use the tech to create fake emails, images, phone calls, and videos in seconds. It’s a tough environment for anyone, including seniors, making skepticism vital to ensure safer online interactions.How to Shield Your Family From ScamsAt the beginning of this article, I mentioned that older adult caregivers are taking on an additional role as digital security guardians for their families. To find out what that job entails, I spoke to a few experts who offered suggestions for people who want to help their older family members and friends avoid and recover from online scams. Here’s what they told me:Step Away From the PhoneFirst, you’ll need to examine your and your family’s relationships with internet-connected devices. After all, every interaction with your phone and computer can give scammers easy access to you and your finances at all hours. “The phone is not your family, it is not your friend,“ warns Miguel Fornés, the governance and compliance manager at Surfshark, makers of the popular Surfshark VPN. “You shouldn’t blindly trust everything you read on it, hear from it, or see on it.”
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He recommended asking your parents or other older adults to approach every online interaction with a healthy dose of skepticism and to rely on phones less often. Being wholly dependent on your smartphone is a one-way relationship that’s never going to end in your favor, according to Fornés. “If someone were to knock on your door in the middle of the night, would you open it?” he says. “Of course not. It’s ridiculous, but with a phone, we do it.”Instead of giving up the phone cold turkey, I recommend adding back more real-world interactions into your day. For example, drive to your local bank instead of depositing checks via an app. Physically go to the grocery store. Pledge to put the phone down during certain hours to prevent mindless scrolling or errant clicking. ‘If You Don’t Initiate, Don’t Validate’Most scammers don’t need to go to the trouble of stealing your credentials to get into your banking, email, or social media accounts. Instead, people give up their usernames and passwords to official-sounding strangers via phone calls and text messages. You need to ask questions and stay skeptical of anyone who approaches you online. Chef Pam, a 67-year-old online cooking influencer who prefers to go by her screen name, branched out and began investigating online scams back in 2024, after someone hijacked her Facebook page, where she had nearly a million followers. “I lost my monetization,” she says, “and to this day, I am still fighting with them to try to get it back.”Today, in addition to offering life advice and cooking tips, Chef Pam warns her audience of nearly 4 million subscribers across Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube about scams, ranging from investment schemes to phone-call grifts. Below is some of her best scam-prevention advice.
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Chef Pam tells me that banking scams are what she sees most people talking about in the comment sections of her videos. Her advice to followers who aren’t sure if correspondence from their bank is real or not is to remember the phrase “If you don’t initiate, don’t validate.”“If you did not call your bank [directly], don’t automatically validate the person on the phone,” she says. “Call your bank to confirm.” Make sure to use the number on the back of your card or on your bank paperwork.Unless you’re receiving a fraud alert, banks will typically contact you through the institution’s app or via physical mail. It’s wise to conduct all banking transactions and communications through the bank’s app or website, and to avoid sharing your account numbers or other sensitive data via phone, email, or text message.Before Replying, Always PAUSEScammers often target older people via email, so Chef Pam tells her followers to read the subject lines and examine email addresses carefully. She’s even come up with an easy acronym to remember when scanning emails for possible scams: PAUSE.“P is ‘pause,’” she explains. “A is for ‘ask.’ U is for ‘understanding it’s not you’. S is ‘stop,’ and E is for ‘exit the email.'”
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Let’s break it down: the P is to remind you to pause before replying, clicking, or interacting with emails, chat messages, texts, or phone calls you aren’t expecting to receive. When you mention this to your older adult family member or friend, stress that it’s especially important to pause when receiving messages from people whom they don’t know in real lifeAssess whether the message really needs to be replied to right away, or at all. Scammers like to bully victims into replying or clicking links quickly, hoping to catch them off guard and lure them into a phishing trap or the early stages of a social-engineering scheme.A is to remind seniors to ask a family member (like you) or a friend for help if they think they’re being scammed. There are also scam-prevention chatbots that can help you assess a message’s authenticity. “It’s astronomical how damaging [scams] are to a person’s psyche,” says Werning, the attorney. In one of her cases, a man withdrew more than $3 million from his retirement accounts to appease a scammer. Despite his wife being a trusted contact for his financial accounts, the brokerage firms never contacted her while her husband did the scammer’s bidding.“He thought he was going to go to jail,” Werning says. “I’ve read the messages between him and the scammer. He was panicking. It’s horrible to read, and his family now has to read them.” The retiree felt he was out of options and took his own life. Werning says that while on the witness stand in court, the man’s widow said, “If I just had 30 seconds with my husband, 30 seconds to know what was going on, he would still be here today.”
Recommended by Our Editors
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U is for understanding the scam is not about you. It’s not a personal crime; scammers target millions of people every day. Removing the stigma around being a scam target can help the victim move on from the crime more quickly and seek help from others before the swindle becomes very expensive.S is a reminder to stop. Stop chatting, stop receiving calls, or stop communicating with anyone online who seems suspicious. Tell your loved ones that it’s OK to “ghost” a conversation that becomes too intense too quickly online, or to just end a phone call that doesn’t feel right. Empower your loved ones to trust their instincts and stop talking, even if it seems rude.E reminds seniors to exit emails that again seem suspicious or require urgent replies. Emails are a popular way for scammers to target older people, in particular, with catchy or scary subject lines. “Chances are you’re opening the email because the subject line is something like ‘Congratulations’ or ‘You’ve been selected’ or ‘This is a warning,'” Chef Pam says, “which are all red flags.”The most important tool in your scam-fighting arsenal is your gut. Tell your family members to listen to that intuition, and don’t let a scammer win. “If you feel panic, if you get an email or a text or something and you feel, ‘No, this isn’t right,’ just stop,” Chef Pam says. “Just pause. Do nothing, because they’re looking for you to hit that button.”Talk to Your Elders About Scams Before They HappenIt can be hard to start a conversation about online scams with someone who once warned you about “stranger danger” in the real world, but that’s the situation for a lot of people who are currently caring for older folks.The key is to make the threat real for them. You can do this by highlighting scam victim stories, like the one we featured in this article, or by trying something a little more extreme. SurfShark’s Fornés has an unconventional, but highly effective method of talking to his older relatives about online scams.“I made a deepfake of myself, and I sent my mom the video,“ Fornés says with a chuckle. “In the middle, I started to speak Chinese, and she went, ‘Wait, what in the name of God is happening here?’”Fornés’ method isn’t something everyone can or should do (don’t let companies train their LLMs using your likeness, please!), but it delivered an important message: If a mother can’t recognize someone she gave birth to from a digital copy, she needs to question everything else she sees, hears, and reads online.
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“It’s better to have these conversations before something happens,” says NCOA’s White, noting that she frequently talks to her mother about scams she encounters. That takes some of the fear out of the discussion and lets her mom know she is not the only one encountering scammy ads, apps, and messages online.The experts say to get into the habit of asking nonconfrontational questions about a loved one’s online activities. For example, if your parents tell you about a hot investment opportunity they’re getting into, ask, “Where did you hear/read/see that?” Let the parent show you exactly where they saw the message online, then ask another follow-up question: “Did you search for this, or did someone send it to you?” Keep asking questions, and never be accusatory. By asking follow-ups, you’re engaging your loved one’s critical thinking skills, which may have been hijacked by a scammer’s promises or threats. If you suspect a loved one is being taken advantage of by a scammer, one way to help them is to call in additional support. (See below.) 4 Preventive Steps to Keep in MindIt’s a lot easier to prepare for a scam than navigate the long recovery process. With that in mind, here are a few steps you and your loved ones can take to prevent scammers from ruining your credit, even if they get into your financial accounts.Freeze Your Credit: No one can open new financial or loan accounts in your name if your credit is frozen, even if they have your Social Security number. If you need to apply for credit when buying a car or a home, it’s easy to temporarily lift the freeze via the three credit bureaus’ websites.Establish a Trusted Contact: Suggest adding yourself as a trusted contact on your parents’ financial accounts. That way, even if a scammer convinces them to withdraw large amounts of cash for any reason, the bank or other financial institution will call you to sign off on the transaction beforehand. Monitor Your Data: Data breaches happen constantly, so it’s likely that most people’s private data resides on the dark web. Keep an eye on the data connected to you by periodically running your email addresses through a dark web scanner. These tools, which are commonly found in password managers (you use one of those, right?) can show you passwords, addresses, phone numbers, and other data associated with you that may be up for grabs by criminals navigating dark web forums. Stay Vigilant: Get a free credit report each week. Check it for unfamiliar names or new accounts, check your email and physical mailboxes for bills for services you don’t use, and stay wary of calls from collection agencies about debt that doesn’t belong to you. These are serious warning signs of financial fraud and shouldn’t be ignored. Report suspicious activity to your credit bureau or bank immediately.Practice Good Digital HygieneJust as it’s important to make and encourage behavioral changes, you and the elder in your life also need to fortify your devices. That means keeping machines and operating systems up to date, and installing security patches right away.It also means enabling multi-factor authentication or using passkeys to secure your online accounts, using a password manager to generate and store new passwords, deleting old or unused apps from your devices, and disabling or deleting old browser extensions that may be siphoning your private data.
Real-World Ways to Prevent Online Scams
Never send money to anyone you’ve only met online.
Don’t immediately click on links in emails or text messages.
Use a password manager or passkeys to access your online accounts.
Use your intuition. If something seems off, stop communicating.
Delete or offload infrequently used apps.
Keep your device’s operating system up to date.
Remove browser extensions you don’t remember installing.
Don’t react to online messages right away.
Try Scam Identification ToolsCybersecurity companies are always rolling out scam-busting apps and features, and they may be a good first line of defense for you and your family. For example, Bitdefender’s free Scamio tool can identify fraud-related text in emails and text messages. The Scam Check tool from Malwarebytes can tell you if the calls you’re receiving are from known scammers. You can also look up trending scams via the Better Business Bureau’s Scam Tracker database.
Our Top Recommended Protection Tools
Still, You Got Scammed. Now What?You’re cautious online. You stay vigilant when chatting with new people on social media. You keep your devices updated. And you use multi-factor authentication for all your accounts. Yet, the unthinkable still happens: You (or someone you love) got scammed. You call to freeze your credit and shut down your cards. Then you ask law enforcement for help, and they tell you that once the scammers have the money, it’s gone for good. Where can you turn for recourse?The good news: You may have legal options. Lawyers like Werning can file lawsuits on your behalf to claw your money back from the banks or other financial institutions that released the funds to the scammers. After contacting a lawyer, you should tell your loved one to report the scam far and wide. No one thinks they’re the type of person to fall for a scam, but that’s why scammers are so effective: You never see them coming. If we, as a society, normalize talking about difficult topics, like money and scams, we remove the shroud of secrecy that scammers use to control their victims.
Get Your Life Back After Getting Scammed
1Change your passwords for all affected accounts.
2Contact your financial institution’s fraud resolution center.
3Report the scam to authorities and online support networks.
4Monitor your other online accounts for suspicious activity.
5Find out if your insurance company covers online scams.
In addition to talking to people you know, report the scam to the FTC by filing a report online. In rare cases, the FTC can recover money for victims, but the report is primarily for case-building purposes. You can also file a report on the FBI’s IC3.gov website. If your local law enforcement has a non-emergency number, call it to file a report. These actions help agents build cases, spot scamming trends, and apprehend criminals faster. Keep in mind that even when you’re down and out, recovering from a scam, you’re still vulnerable to impersonation swindles. With that in mind, know that the FTC and any other government agencies will never ask you to transfer your money to other accounts to keep it safe or protect it. They will also never ask you to buy gold or gift cards, or to make wire transfers. If you’re speaking to someone who asks you to do any of these tasks, stop talking to them. Hang up, close the chat window, cease all contact. The Best Ways to Support Scam VictimsWhen a parent tells you they’ve fallen victim to a scam, AARP’s Stokes recommends you let them know two things: “This isn’t your fault. And you’re not alone.” She adds, “The last thing you want to do is react the way we’re designed in this society to react when your mom says something happened: ‘My God, why did you answer the phone? I told you not to answer the phone.’” NCOA’s White notes that scorning scam victims is unhelpful at best and can cause long-term harm for everyone. “People are not reporting scams for various reasons,” she says. “One of the main reasons is shame.” When people don’t report scams to authorities, that’s valuable data down the drain, making it harder for law enforcement agencies to find and follow up on leads about online scammers.
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A scammer will spin a web of lies so complex and well-orchestrated that a victim may forget what reality looks and feels like. Beyond apps and online resources, White says it’s vital for older victims to engage with an in-person community after being scammed, but they may need your encouragement: “Push them to engage and get out of their comfort zone.” NCOA offers scam education at senior centers around the US.You can find free mental health care from licensed professionals via Give an Hour, a non-profit mental health provider. AARP also offers help through its Fraud Watch helpline, which is staffed by real people who can offer a sympathetic ear and suggestions for case-specific next steps.You can also call the National Elder Fraud Hotline to get assistance. Reddit offers crowd-sourced scam stories and support via the r/Scams community.Keep Learning and Keep TalkingScammers can leave behind a lifetime of pain for their victims. Mary Ellen Strange’s experience became her call to action. “We need better tools, faster intervention,” says Strange, who now works with AARP. “If I can save one person from going through what I went through, then that will be my legacy.”Knowledge is power, and expanding your scam-fighting arsenal by understanding the cybercrime ecosystem we all contribute to will help keep you safe. Whenever you pass this information to someone else, you’re dispelling some of the mystery and power held by scammers. But don’t be surprised if a scam still happens to you or someone you care about.“We can educate our seniors all we want,” says Werning, the lawyer. “But these scams are so good and so personal that anybody can and will fall for them.”
About Our Expert
Kim Key
Senior Writer, Security
Experience
I review privacy tools like hardware security keys, password managers, private messaging apps, and ad-blocking software. I also report on online scams and offer advice to families and individuals about staying safe on the internet. Before joining PCMag, I wrote about tech and video games for CNN, Fanbyte, Mashable, The New York Times, and TechRadar. I also worked at CNN International, where I did field producing and reporting on sports that are popular with worldwide audiences.In addition to the categories below, I exclusively cover ad blockers, authenticator apps, hardware security keys, and private messaging apps.
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