Melike Pala10 November 2026•Update : 11 November 2026Advances in artificial intelligence and geopolitical tensions are driving an increasingly complex cybersecurity threat landscape across the EU, the bloc’s cybersecurity agency warned Tuesday.In its biennial State of Cybersecurity in the Union report, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) said malicious intrusion activity remained significant throughout 2025 and 2026.The agency assessed the level of cyber threats facing the bloc as “substantial,” warning that organizations remained exposed to direct attacks and breaches exploiting recently discovered vulnerabilities.Despite improvements in the EU’s overall cybersecurity posture, ENISA said the wider cyber ecosystem remained in flux, requiring stronger coordination and preparedness.Geopolitical developments continued to shape cyber activities targeting EU member states, according to the report.Ideology-driven activity accounted for the largest share of observed cyber incidents, although such attacks generally had limited impact.Hacktivist groups dominated the volume of reported attacks, primarily through distributed denial-of-service operations targeting public administrations, transport and business services.State-linked threat groups also continued cyberespionage campaigns targeting member states, including public administrations, to gather strategic intelligence and potentially steal intellectual property.Growing role of artificial intelligenceENISA highlighted the expanding role of artificial intelligence in cyber threats, warning that technological advances were amplifying conventional attack methods.The agency said threat actors increasingly used AI to create convincing phishing emails, produce realistic fake videos and audio recordings, automate vulnerability scanning and support malware development.AI was also being used in voice phishing and online fraud involving impersonation.Some attackers were exploiting the popularity of generative AI by creating fraudulent websites designed to distribute malware.Priorities for stronger cybersecurityThe report identified five strategic priorities for strengthening the EU’s cybersecurity resilience.These included effective implementation of legislation, comprehensive operational capacity during crises and stronger preparedness to protect critical infrastructure.The agency also emphasized managing supply-chain risks and cross-border dependencies, alongside building long-term societal resilience through awareness, skills and education.ENISA called for stronger information-sharing mechanisms and improved common situational awareness to ensure coordinated responses during cyber crises.
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