AI agent: (in computing) Unlike chatbots, which respond to discrete prompts to do some action (usually text-based), AI agents can be given a broad task. They not only figure out how to accomplish it but also do it. This technology uses a large language model (like a human would use its brain), linking it to tools such as email or the internet so that it can perform actions or accomplish tasks with no human help, or almost no help.
AI model: Short for artificial-intelligence model, it’s a particularly smart computer algorithm. Simple types of these models choose from a set of preselected options to answer a user’s requests (perhaps to respond to a chat). More complex models may train on mountains of data to essentially figure out their own answers to potentially novel questions.
attention: The phenomenon of focusing mental resources on a specific object or event.
behavior: The way something (often a person or other organism) conducts itself or acts towards others.
bot: (short for web robot) A computer program designed to appear that its actions come from some human. The goal is to have it interact with people or perform automated tasks such as finding and sharing online information through social-media accounts.
bug: (in computing) Slang term for a glitch in computer code, the instructions that direct the operations of a computer.
chatbot: A type of computer program known as a bot (web robot) that has been created to interact with people in a way that seems to model normal human conversation. The idea is that if they seem human-like enough, people should be more willing to “chat” with these computer programs or let them take on tasks previously handled only by people. Some chatbots can craft customized text, such as a letter or report. Others might ask or share information (by phone or online) on a company’s behalf. One drawback: They are susceptible to hallucinating — as in making up their answers — or telling people what the chatbot’s artificial-intelligence model thinks they want (even if this is not objectively healthy or true).
context: The setting or circumstances that help explain an event, some statement or some conclusion.
cybersecurity: A type of investigative field, sometime in law enforcement, that works to scout threats to computer systems and/or ways to thwart attacks.
environment: The sum of all of the things that exist around some organism or the process and the condition those things create. Environment may refer to the weather and ecosystem in which some animal lives, or, perhaps, the temperature and humidity (or even the placement of things in the vicinity of an item of interest).
exploitation: (verb: to exploit) Taking advantage of one or more people for personal gain. Examples can include making people work for little or no pay, making people do things under threat of harm, or tricking people into giving up something of value.
filter: (n.) Something that allows some materials to pass through but not others, based on their size or some other feature. (v.) The process of screening some things out on the basis of traits such as size, density, electric charge. (in physics) A screen, plate or layer of a substance that absorbs light or other radiation or selectively prevents the transmission of some of its components.
fundamental: Something that is basic or serves as the foundation for another thing or idea.
hack: (in computing) Unapproved — often illegal — access to a computer, usually to steal or alter data or files. Someone who does this is known as a hacker.
infrastructure: The underlying structure of a system. The term usually refers to the basic physical structures and facilities on which a society depends. These include roads, bridges, sewers, drinking water supplies, electrical power grids and phone systems.
intelligence: The ability to collect and apply knowledge and skills.
internet: An electronic communications network. It allows computers anywhere in the world to link into other networks to find information, download files and share data (including pictures).
link: A connection between two people or things.
model: A simulation of a real-world event (usually using a computer) that has been developed to predict one or more likely outcomes. Or an individual that is meant to display how something would work in or look on others.
risk: The chance or mathematical likelihood that some bad thing might happen. For instance, exposure to radiation poses a risk of cancer. Or the hazard — or peril — itself. (For instance: Among cancer risks that the people faced were radiation and drinking water tainted with arsenic.)
server: A term for a computer — and especially the software on it — that provides services (hence, the name server) to other computers. A server computer program, for instance, stands ready to fulfill requests by its clients (which are other computer programs). For instance, a web server pulls up website pages or other files upon request. The web browser that you use on your computer to find things on the internet is one type of client. It calls up files from a web server.
software: The mathematical instructions that direct a computer’s hardware, including its processor, to perform certain operations.
system: A network of parts that together work to achieve some function. For instance, the blood, vessels and heart are primary components of the human body’s circulatory system. Similarly, trains, platforms, tracks, roadway signals and overpasses are among the potential components of a nation’s railway system. System can even be applied to the processes or ideas that are part of some method or ordered set of procedures for getting a task done.
zero day: (in computing) A vulnerability in a computer program that is not yet recognized by its designers or cybersecurity companies. If criminals find it, they can use it to take over the program and use it to wreak havoc (such as to shut down the power grid or to steal data, such as people’s banking information).
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