Harmful gender norms and stereotypes are significant drivers of violence in and around school. Learners of all genders may experience gender-based violence in and around schools, seriously hampering their education, their rights and their physical and mental health. With gender equality as its global priority, UNESCO is paying particular attention to the gendered dimensions of school violence.SRGBV includes acts or threats of sexual, physical or psychological harm occurring in and around schools or through education systems, driven by harmful gender norms, stereotypes and unequal power dynamics. This violence is further compounded by factors such as ethnicity, culture, poverty and ability which all intersect with gender. For example, violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity or expression including homophobic and transphobic bullying is deeply rooted in gendered beliefs, attitudes and values as well as reflect broader social norms around sexuality. Addressing school violence therefore requires an understanding of gender dynamics and deep-rooted patriarchal, social and cultural norms.In the context of bullying, data shows that girls just as likely as boys to experience bullying, although the types of bullying differ. Boys are generally more exposed to physical bullying and violence, while girls are more exposed to psychological bullying, particularly through cyberbullying and appearance-based bullying. Sexual bullying (sexual jokes, comments and gestures) affects boys and girls at similar rates. Physical sexual violence (assault, harassment and rape) can affect both boys and girls, but girls are more likely to experience this form of violence. Corporal punishment and all forms of violent discipline are also influenced by gender, with boys more likely to experience physical corporal punishment than girls and learners likely to be punished to reinforce expectations regarding behaviors deemed socially appropriate for each gender.Since gender plays important role in shaping school violence, gender-responsive and gender-transformative strategies are critical in preventing and responding to this violence. This can include curricula that challenge gender stereotypes and harmful gender norms, including comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), gender-equitable school infrastructures, and gender-responsive pedagogy, to name a few.
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